The Albatross -- References

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5: Walford RL, Harris SB, Gunion MW. The calorically restricted low-fat nutrient-dense diet in Biosphere 2 significantly lowers blood glucose, total leukocyte count, cholesterol, and blood pressure in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U's A. 1992 Dec 1;89(23):11533-7. PMID: 1454844; UI: 93087562

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7: Sidika E Kasim-Karakas, Rogelio U Almario, Wendy M Mueller and Janet Peerson. Changes in plasma lipoproteins during low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets: effects of energy intake1,2,3. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 71, No. 6, 1439-1447, June 2000

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97. Salmeron J, Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Jenkins DJ, Stampfer MJ, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of NIDDM in men. Diabetes Care. 1997 Apr;20(4):545-50. PMID: 9096978; UI: 97251296

98: Salmeron J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA. 1997 Feb 12;277(6):472-7. PMID: 9020271; UI: 97172187

99. Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, Hennekens CH, Manson JE. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;71(6):1455-61. PMID: 10837285; UI: 20298190

100 ANNUAL MEETING ABSTRACT FORM

Society for Epidemiologic Research

June 15-17, 2000 - Seattle, Washington

Presenter's Name: Marilyn J. Borugian

Phone: (604) 877-6098 x3174

Fax: (604) 877-1868

Email: mborugia@bccancer.bc.ca

Category: CANCER

Carbohydrates and Colorectal Cancer Risk Among Chinese in North America. M. J. Borugian*, S. B. Sheps, A. S. Whittemore, R. P. Gallagher, J. D. Potter, A. Coldman (University of British Columbia and British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver BC Canada)

Background. Previous studies have analysed total carbohydrates as a dietary risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), but obtained conflicting results, perhaps due in part to the embedded negative confounder, fiber. The aim of this study is to analyse the non-fiber ("effective") carbohydrate component (e-Carb) separately, and to test the hypothesis that effective carbohydrate consumption is directly related to colorectal cancer risk. Method. The data are from a large, multi-centre case-control study of migrant Chinese. Multivariate logistic regression was used to control for age, saturated fat, fiber, physical activity, calcium, body mass index, family history, education and years in North America and to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate risk from increasing e-Carb consumption among subgroups by gender and cancer site. Results. A statistically significant positive association was observed between e-Carb consumption and risk of CRC in both males (OR=2.02 from lowest to highest tertile of e-Carb consumption, 95%CI=1.28, 3.19) and females (OR=2.54, 95%CI=1.44, 4.46). A striking gender difference in cancer site affected was observed, with risk concentrated in the right colon for women (OR=7.35, 95%CI=2.60, 20.80), and in the rectum for men (OR=2.78, 95%CI= 1.40, 5.54). The other sites for each gender showed little or no association of e-Carb consumption with risk. Conclusion. Increased e-Carb consumption is associated with increased risk of right colon cancer in females, but increased risk of rectal cancer in males.

101. Franceschi S, Favero A, Decarli A, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Ferraroni M, Russo A, Salvini S, Amadori D, Conti E, et al. Intake of macronutrients and risk of breast cancer. Lancet. 1996 May 18;347(9012):1351-6. PMID: 8637339; UI: 96215987

102. La Vecchia C, Negri E, Decarli A, D'Avanzo B, Franceschi S. A case-control study of diet and gastric cancer in northern Italy. Int J Cancer. 1987 Oct 15;40(4):484-9. PMID: 3117710; UI: 88031801

103. Danesh J, Collins R, Peto R. Lipoprotein(a) and coronary heart disease : meta-analysis of prospective studies. Circulation. 2000 Sep 5;102(10):1082-5. [MEDLINE record in process] PMID: 10973834; UI: 20432601

104. Hu FB, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Rimm E, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Hennekens CH, Willett WC. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1997 Nov 20;337(21):1491-9. PMID: 9366580; UI: 98026765

Simin Liu, Walter C Willett, Meir J Stampfer, Frank B Hu, Mary Franz, Laura Sampson, Charles H Hennekens and JoAnn E Manson. A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women1,2,3 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 71, No. 6, 1455-1461, June 2000.

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