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As the switch-mode power supply has evolved, additional adjustments to the original circuits have been made to get more power from smaller components. This means that the efficiency for the system must be increased. One simple way to do this is to use a center-tapped transformer that utilizes both the top and bottom half-cycles. Fig. 1 shows a schematic of the push-pull converter in which the push-pull converter utilizes a center-tapped transformer for both the primary and secondary windings. The primary winding is controlled by two transistors, which allow one of them to conduct during each half-cycle, so the output is receiving voltage directly through one of them at all times. This means that the efficiency of this configuration is approximately 90%. This allows the overall size for the power supply to be smaller for a comparable power supply whose efficiency is 75% to 80%.
Above: Fig. 1: Schematic of a push-pull converter.